The perimeter is the distance around the outside of a 2D shape. The distance can be measured in units like millimetres, centimetres, metres and kilometres. To work out the perimeter, add up the ...

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Subtract the area of this square from the rectangle. Break the shape into two squares and a rectangle. Calculate the area of each shape. \(4 \times 4 = 16~\text{cm}^2\), \(4 \times 4 = 16~\text{cm}^ ...

For example, you can define an interface for a shape that has functions to calculate its area and perimeter, and then create structs for different shapes that implement those functions.

#define fast_io ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);cin.tie(NULL) ...