Germany’s invasion of Poland in 1939 and of the Soviet Union in 1941 set off mass migrations of Polish Jews eastward. Precise figures are hard to come by, but hundreds of thousands of Polish ...

Lest the headline scandalizes you, this is not an apology for the Soviet Union or its centrally (and badly) planned economy and gulags. So please indulge me. The world, rather two of the most ...

During the Cold War, many radical new designs in submarines were crafted by both the United States and their rivals in the Soviet Union. In some respects, however, the Soviet Red Navy had the more ...

Two decades ago, Russian American anthropologist Alexei Yurchak coined the term “hypernormalisation” to describe the absurd and surreal reality of the Soviet Union during its final two decades.

In the Soviet Union, this control was not limited to symbolic gestures – it reshaped the entire academic system. Under Josef Stalin, academic survival depended less on scholarly merit than on ...

Keywords Eastern Europe, Soviet Union, communism, Warsaw Pact, liberalization, nationalism, Cold War, reform, peaceful coexistence, Iron Curtain Vatican reveals official cause of death of Pope ...

The Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, which had been independent between the two world wars, were annexed by the Kremlin in June of 1940, during the dramatic days when Paris fell to the ...

“It’s what guarantees that the officer who beats you will get away with it. Maybe a lack of a union can result in more transparency here.” The Marshall Project previously reported on how a warden ...

The 250-page KGB report, reportedly obtained by the CIA following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, describes in disturbing detail what happened after a platoon of Soviet soldiers opened fire ...

When a private union uses collective bargaining, they’re negotiating with a private company that creates a product and profits, from which they argue they should take a bigger share to pay for ...