The murmur is actually due to mitral regurgitation that accompanies the MVP, thus it is heard best at the cardiac apex. MVP responds to dynamic auscultation. After sudden standing, preload is ...

Dynamic auscultation refers to using maneuvers to alter hemodynamic parameters during cardiac auscultation in ... is a decrease in left ventricular preload. The most important use of the Valsalva ...

even a modest decrease in normal renal function in patients with congestive heart failure could contribute to increased cardiac preload, cardiac dilatation, left ventricular hypertrophy and ...