Endoscopic placement ... There were no procedure-related deaths. Less severe complications included stent migration (5%), pain (2%), biliary obstruction (1%) and stent obstruction (17%).

Note that if you are not using a tourniquet, release of the distal antebrachial fascia should be performed at the end of the procedure to prevent bleeding from obscuring the endoscopic view.

biliary first (group 1), simultaneous biliary and duodenal (group 2) and duodenal first (group 3). Endoscopic dual stent placement was possible in 100% of the patients in groups 1 and 3 and 86% of ...

improving patient comfort compared to standard stents. A study showed 95% of patients had no urinary reflux post-placement, with significant improvements in USSQ scores. The RELIEF stent demonstrated ...