A poster portraying the “Second Patriotic War” as World War I was known in Russia. (Napoleon’s 1812 invasion was Russia’s first “patriotic war.”) Germany’s Kaiser Wilhelm II ...

Patriotic appeals were communicated through posters, music, magazine ads ... In Hollywood, mega-star Mary Pickford led the war effort, selling bonds and making such movies as Johanna Enlists (1918).

Posters ranged from ones emphasising bravery and togetherness, the 'bulldog spirit', images encouraging men to sign up to fight and for women to work in munitions factories to join the war effort.