About 70 per cent of Singapore’s coastline is currently guarded by hard structures, including sea walls ... into vertical surfaces such as walls. Such green walls can potentially help to ...

places where water from rising seas is allowed space to flow in and out of areas instead of crashing over sea walls. And falling rain — stormwater — is captured and soaked up like a sponge.

The Haikou Jiangdong Beach Park project transforms a solid sea wall and deserted fish farm in Haikou City, Hainan, into a climate-resilient public space. Spanning 370 hectares along 3.72 ...