Scientists have long believed they understood how life’s genetic code evolved, but new research upends that assumption. By ...

The genetic code, a universal blueprint for life, governs how DNA and RNA sequences translate into proteins. While its complexity has inspired generations of scientists, its origins remain a topic ...

How can just four nitrogenous bases--adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil--possibly code for all 20 amino acids? Thus, early researchers quickly determined that the smallest combination of As ...

A large research team led by nanotechnologist Roy van der Meel rebuilt the body's own proteins and fats into nano-delivery ...

In the past, to expand protein diversity beyond the scope of these 20 subunits, scientists tweaked the genetic code and designed artificial proteins that carry unconventional amino acids. 1 However, ...

An artificial intelligence fed with 500 million years worth of evolutionary data has produced a previously unseen genetic ...

The most complex engineering of human cell lines ever has been achieved by scientists, revealing that our genomes are more ...

"Not all genetic diseases are solely caused by errors in the genetic code itself," says Sherry Gao, Presidential Penn Compact Associate Professor in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (CBE ...

Researchers at Tufts University revealed a possible molecular mechanism explaining how the DNA repeats are broken and then expanded in the Huntington’s disease gene, pointing to a component of the ...

The Genetic Code How does the order of bases in a nucleic acid determine the order of amino acids in a protein? It seems that each amino acid is specified by a triplet of bases, and that triplets ...

The tobacco mosaic virus consists of hereditary material and a single protein. Artificial changes in the hereditary material elucidate how it directs the synthesis of the three-dimensional ...