The universe is a vast expanse filled with mysteries that continue to baffle scientists and enthusiasts alike. From the ...

We experience the flow of time because it’s a natural outcome of the basic laws of physics. But we may need to build a whole ...

String theory attempts to unify all four forces, and in so doing, unify general relativity and quantum mechanics. At its core is a fairly simple idea—all particles are made of tiny vibrating ...

The strong force holds together quarks, the fundamental particles that make up the protons and neutrons of the atomic nucleus, and further holds together protons and neutrons to form atomic nuclei.

How much energy it takes to change the state of a substance depends on the strength of the forces between its particles; the stronger the forces, the higher the melting and boiling points.

Protons sit in the nuclei of all atoms, but they are not fundamental particles: They are made of three quarks held together by the strong nuclear force. The strength of this interaction is actually ...

Scientists have achieved an incredible feat—mapping the forces inside a proton with extreme precision, uncovering the immense ...

In a groundbreaking discovery, scientists have revealed an unprecedented map of the forces acting within a proton. This map ...

Electric and magnetic fields both exert forces on charged particles. The motion of charged particles in these fields can be determined and used in particle accelerators. The Standard Model Orders ...

Scientists have now mapped the forces acting inside a proton, showing in unprecedented detail how quarks—the tiny particles within—respond when hit by high-energy photons. The international ...