Each antenna is connected to the base station by several cables. Monopole towers have a conduit down the center to house the cables, but on a lattice tower, the cables run down the outside.

A dual-band mobile radio can easily run $600, and a high-end HF base station with the capability ... and sometimes even the highest-performing antennas are little more than two lengths of wire.

The process needs precise information — referred to as "channel state information” (CSI) — to deliver connectivity between base stations and mobile devices with compatible antennas.