There are 20 amino acids that make up proteins and all have the same basic structure, differing only in the R-group or side chain they have. Amino acids are in an equilibrium between two acids with ...

In addition, chemical forces between a protein ... family also often have long stretches of similar amino acid sequences within their primary structure. These stretches have been conserved through ...

This article was originally published with the title “ The Three-Dimensional Structure of a Protein Molecule ” in Scientific American Magazine Vol. 205 No. 6 (December 1961), p. 96 doi:10.1038 ...

A new study led by researchers at the Earth-Life Science Institute (ELSI) at the Institute of Science, Tokyo, has uncovered a ...

with the release of a water molecule. This process, known as condensation or dehydration synthesis, results in the formation of a linear chain of amino acids. The sequence of amino acids in a protein, ...

Enzymes called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases attach the correct amino acid to each tRNA, based on the three-dimensional structure of the tRNA molecule. Other classes of RNA species include microRNAs ...