The ocean side of the reef begins the fore-reef, which continues down in depth to a sand plain. Abiotic factors on the fore-reef are less stressful compared to other zones and ideal for coral growth.

This summary highlights recent findings in oyster reef ecology and restoration, emphasizing the importance of understanding both biotic and abiotic factors that influence the success of these ...

Abiotic factors are the nonliving, physical and chemical factors that shape the environment. Abiotic factors include sunlight, temperature, water, soil, carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen and even ...

The natural world is a finely-tuned balance of biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) components that shape our environments. Various biotic factors directly affect processes like population growth, ...